Ana içeriğe atla

Data Mesh Principles and Logical Architecture

 Data Mesh Principles and Logical Architecture The great divide of data What do we really mean by data? The answer depends on whom you ask. Today’s landscape is divided into  operational data  and  analytical data . Operational data sits in databases behind business capabilities served with microservices, has a transactional nature, keeps the current state and serves the needs of the applications running the business. Analytical data is a temporal and aggregated view of the facts of the business over time, often modeled to provide retrospective or future-perspective insights; it trains the ML models or feeds the analytical reports. The current state of technology, architecture and organization design is reflective of the divergence of these two data planes - two levels of existence, integrated yet separate. This divergence has led to a fragile architecture. Continuously failing ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) jobs and ever growing complexity of labyrinth of data pipel...

Girişimcilik Nedir Temel Konular Girişimcilikte Yol Haritanız ve Daha Fazlası



TR-EN 

Resources enriched with different languages


Girişimcilik Eğiliminde Kişilik 

Özelliklerinin Önemi


Bozkurt, Öznur

Özet:

 

Bu çalısmada, girisimci ve girisimcilik kavramları tanımlanmakta, girisimciyi desteklemenin ve girisimci kisilik özelliklerini gelistirmenin önemine deginilmektedir. Girisimcilerin önemli kisilik özellikleri, girisimciligi etkileyen demografik, sosyal ve psikolojik faktörler detaylı olarak anlatılmakta, girisimciligi etkileyen faktörler ve girisimci kisilik özellikleri arasındaki iliskiler incelenmektedir. Ayrıca girisimci kisiligin tanımı yapılmakta ve risk alma, yenilikleri kabul, belirsizlige tolerans gösterme, yüksek basarma ihtiyacı duyma ve kontrol odagı gibi girisimci kisilik özelliklerine deginilmektedir.

 

In this study, concept of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship are defined, touch on entrepreneur and develop entrepreneur’s characteristic of importance. The important personality characteristics of entrepreneur, demographic, social and psychological factors are explained in details. The relations between of examined the factors that influence entrepreneurship and specialties of entrepreneur personality characteristics. In this study, definition of entrepreneur characteristics is made and need for achievement, locus of control, propensity to take risk, tolerance of ambiguity, self-confidence and innovativeness are touched on personality characteristics of entrepreneur.



GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİNDE KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ÖNEMİ 


ÖZET 


Bu çalışmada, girişimci ve girişimcilik kavramları tanımlanmakta, girişimciyi desteklemenin ve girişimci kişilik özelliklerini geliştirmenin önemine değinilmektedir. Girişimcilerin önemli kişilik özellikleri, girişimciliği etkileyen demografik, sosyal ve psikolojik faktörler detaylı olarak anlatılmakta, girişimciliği etkileyen faktörler ve girişimci kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmektedir. Ayrıca girişimci kişiliğin tanımı yapılmakta ve risk alma, yenilikleri kabul, belirsizliğe tolerans gösterme, yüksek başarma ihtiyacı duyma ve kontrol odağı gibi girişimci kişilik özelliklerine değinilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Girişimci, girişimcilik, kişilik, girişimcilerin kişilik özellikleri, girişimcilik eğilimi. ABSRACT In this study, concept of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship are defined, touch on entrepreneur and develop entrepreneur’s characteristic of importance. 


The important personality characteristics of entrepreneur, demographic, social and psychological factors are explained in details. The relations between of examined the factors that influence entrepreneurship and specialties of entrepreneur personality characteristics. In this study, definition of entrepreneur characteristics is made and need for achievement, locus of control, propensity to take risk, tolerance of ambiguity, self-confidence and innovativeness are touched on personality characteristics of entrepreneur. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, entrepreneur, characteristic, entrepreneurial characteristics, inclination of entrepreneur. 


GİRİŞ


 Girişimcilik ve girişimci günümüzde yaşam kalitesini yükseltmeye yönelik tüm alanlarda önemli bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak da yenilik, risk alma, belirsiz koşullara tolerans, başarma ihtiyacı ve kontrol merkezi gibi kavramlar sıkça duyulmaktadır. Girişimcilik kavramı tüm alanlarda kalkınma ve gelişmenin temel faktörü olarak görülmektedir. Girişimciyi diğer insanlardan ayıran bazı temel özellikler vardır. Bunlar; kaynaklar hakkında öngörüde bulunmak, yapılacak olan işi planlamak, gerekli olan tüm kaynakları sağlamak ve girdileri işleyip tüketicilere sunma becerisini karlılık sağlayarak gerçekleştirmesidir. Bu çalışmada girişimci kişilik özellikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve bu kişilik özelliklerinin girişimcilik eğilimi üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tüm bu bulgular eşliğinde örnek kütlenin (Sakarya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi’nin İşletme, İktisat, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Bölümleri) girişimcilik eğilimleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. 


GİRİŞİMCİLİK KAVRAMI 


Girişimcilik; yaşadığımız çevrenin yarattığı fırsatları sezme, o sezgilerden düşler üretme, düşleri projelere dönüştürme, projeleri yaşama taşıma ve zenginlik üreterek insan yaşamını kolaylaştırma becerisine sahip olmaktır. Girişimcinin zenginlik üretirken üç temel kaynağı vardır: Kendi enerjisi ve gücü, erişebildiği sermaye ve ilişki kurduğu insanlar (Bozkurt, 2000). Başka bir tanıma göre ise girişimcilik, çevresel faktörlerden doğan fırsatlardan yararlanma ya da yeni fırsatlar yaratabilme amacıyla ekonomik mal ya da hizmet üretmek için üretim faktörlerine sahip olma, örgütleme yeteneği ve risk alma faktörleri ile bağdaştırılmaktadır. Zamanla ekonomik gelişme sürecine bağlı olarak, girişimci kavramı da bir takım değişmelere maruz kalmıştır (Çetin,1996). Tüm bu tanımlar çerçevesinde girişimci, çevresine bakmasını ve ihtiyaçları görmesini bilen, iş yapmak için gerekli kaynakları bir araya getirebilme becerisine sahip, risk alabilen, yenilikçi düşünen ve yeniliklere açık olan kişi olarak tanımlanabilir. Girişimci, mevcut ya da potansiyel iş gücü, sermaye ve diğer girdileri üretim sürecine sokarak, gerçekleştirdiği mal 

ve hizmet üretimiyle toplumsal refahı artıran kişi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. (Koçel, 1998). 


GİRİŞİMCİ OLMA NEDENLERİ 


İnsanları girişimci olmaya yönelten birçok faktör bulunmaktadır: Bu faktörler şu şekilde sıralanmaktadır (Tekin, 1999: 4):  Kendi işinin patronu olmak, başkalarından emir almamak ve yeteneklerini kullanabilmek her şeyden önce özgürlük sağlamaktadır. Kişinin kendi işi ve kendi mutluluğu için aldığı kararları gerçekleştirerek arzularına ulaşması motivasyon sağlayıcı bir güç olmaktadır (Norman ve Zimmer, 1996),  Bir fikri ya da düşünceyi kendi işini kurarak gerçekleştirmek,  İstediği bir işte çalışabilmek ve böylece sahip olduğu potansiyellerine ulaşmak. Birçok insan işini sıkıcı olarak bulur ve kendi işini kurduğunda tüm hünerlerini ve bilgilerini kullanacağına inanır (Norman ve Zimmer, 1996),  Tanınma ve prestij kazanma, yaptıklarıyla toplumda iz bırakma isteği,  Para kazanma, gelir düzeyini arttırma ve refah içinde yaşama isteği,  Başka insanların göremedikleri ya da uğraşmadıkları işleri keşfedip bu fırsattan yararlanabilmek için işyeri kurmak.  Farklı olmamın gerçekleştirilmesi de önemli bir adım olarak görülmektedir. Girişimciler, hem kendi amaçlarını gerçekleştirmekteler hem de toplumun amaçlarına hizmet etmektedirler (Norman ve Zimmer, 1996). 


GİRİŞİMCİLİĞE ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLER


 Girişimciliğe etki eden faktörleri Hisrich (1995: 55-58) şu şekilde açıklamaktadır: Aile: Geçmişten günümüze kadar yapılan birçok çalışma girişimcilerin aile çevresi doğum sırası, ailenin işi, sosyal statü ve akrabalık ilişkileriyle ilgilenmiştir. Ailenin girişimci olması, özellikle de babanın kendi işine sahip olması, girişimciliği etkileyen önemli bir unsurdur. Erkek girişimcilerde de kadın girişimcilerde de kendi işine sahip babalar girişimci için güçlü bir tetikleyici olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Eğitim: Girişime başlamakta karşılaşılan problemlerin üstesinden gelmekte eğitim çok önemlidir. Resmi eğitim gerekli olmamasına rağmen,

işte başarı için gerekli bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hem kadın hem erkek girişimcilerin, finans, stratejik planlama, pazarlama ve yönetim alanlarında eğitime ihtiyaçları vardır. Ayrıca girişimcilikte, iletişimdeki yazma ve konuşma becerisine sahip olmak da çok önemlidir. Kişisel değerler: Bu konuda birçok çalışma yapılmasına rağmen bunlar çoğunlukla genel nüfus ve yönetici arasındaki farklılıklar üzerinde durmuştur. Bunlar girişimciyi etkili yöneticiden veya liderden ayıramamıştır. Başarılı girişimcileri sık sık kazanmak için işe başlıyorlar şeklinde karakterize etmişlerdir. Bu konuya girişimcilerin kişilik özellikleri adlı bölümde geniş bir şekilde yer verilecektir. Yaş: Yaşın dönemleri ile girişimcilik eğilimi arasında önemli bir ilişki bulunduğu yapılan çalışmalarla başarılı bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur. Çoğunlukla 22-55 yaş arası, girişimcilik kariyerine başlama dönemi olarak ortaya konmuştur. Bu yaşlar dışında da, kariyere başlamak mümkün olmasına rağmen, girişimcilikte başarı için yüksek enerji ve finansal destek gerekli olmaktadır. İş Tecrübesi: Bazı alanlarda uzmanlığa sahip olmak çok önemlidir. Finans (özellikle risk sermayesi), dağıtım kanallarının geliştirilmesi, üstün ürün ya da hizmet geliştirme, pazar planı hazırlama gibi alanlarda kişinin tecrübesi ve iş hüneri onun yeni bir işe başlamasında önemli bir kolaylaştırıcı unsurdur. Rol Modelleri: Rol modelleri girişimcilerin kariyerlerine etki eden önemli bir unsurdur. Rol modelleri; aile, kardeş veya diğer başarılı akrabalar hatta ulusal alanda çalışan diğer girişimciler olabilir. Rol modelleri, hem işe başlama sürecinde hem de işe başladıktan sonra bir destek sistemi oluşturur. 



Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship and Business Sustainability


Ana Tur-Porcar 1,* ID , Norat Roig-Tierno 2,3 and Anna Llorca Mestre 4 1 Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat de València, 46021 València, Spain 2 Business Department, ESIC Business & Marketing School, 46021 Valencia, Spain; norat.roig@esic.edu 3 Economics and Social Science Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain 4 Département of Basic Psychology, Universitat de València, 46021 València, Spain; anna.llorca@uv.es * Correspondence: ana.tur@uv.es; Tel.: +34-963-864-562 Received: 17 December 2017; Accepted: 6 February 2018; Published: 9 February 2018 Abstract: Sustainability is becoming increasingly important for society, and the creation of business ventures is one area where sustainability is critical. We examined the factors affecting actions that are designed to foster business sustainability. These factors are related to the environment, behavior, human relations, and business activity. Based on questionnaire responses from experts, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to rank sustainable business criteria according to their importance for entrepreneurs starting sustainable businesses. The results indicate that the most important drivers of sustainable entrepreneurship are behavioral factors and business factors. Ethical principles and values, together with competitive intelligence, are crucial for undertaking actions that lead to sustainability. Keywords: entrepreneurship; sustainability; behavior; environment; human relations


1. Introduction People in today’s society are increasingly aware of the need for actions that foster entrepreneurship while ensuring environmental sustainability. In recent years, scholars have conducted research into sustainable entrepreneurship, although the debate is ongoing [1,2]. Sustainable entrepreneurship consists of entrepreneurial actions to improve the environment and advance social wellbeing, but also generate profits. Accordingly, the goal is to initiate actions and processes that develop profitable opportunities and contribute to sustainable development [3]. Sustainable entrepreneurship can thereby catalyze structural socioeconomic transformations [4]. Until now, the analysis has essentially focused on either one of two groups of factors: The first consists of entrepreneurial, economic, and social factors [5–7], while the second consists of cognitive elements, values, attitudes, and motivations [2]. In contrast, this study employed a broader scope that spanned entrepreneurial, economic, and social factors as well as psychological, motivational, and emotional factors. The goal of this study was to identify the factors affecting sustainable entrepreneurship. We considered factors that relate to the environment, business activity, human relations, and entrepreneurial behavior from a perspective of sustainability. Entrepreneurship is defined as the process of employing market-based methods to pursue business objectives and achieve specific social or financial goals [8]. Certain conditions or entrepreneurial characteristics help entrepreneurs take innovative actions that advance their initial position, allow them to exploit new opportunities [9,10] and support their decision-making processes [11]. Entrepreneurs thus jointly consider economic, social, and environmental goals (for further details, see [4].) The goal of this study was to analyze the factors that, according to the views of experts in entrepreneurship, are closely linked to actions designed to foster business sustainability. Sustainability


refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs [12]. Hence, organizational sustainability refers to the ability of an organization to contribute to sustainable development, while offering economic, social, and environmental benefits [13]. In this study, we sought to identify the factors that help entrepreneurs manage their business ventures in a sustainable manner. As mentioned earlier, the current debate focuses either on economic, business, or social factors [5–7] or on behavioral, psychological, or motivational factors [14–17]. To the best of our knowledge, the different types of factors that might relate to sustainable entrepreneurship have never been studied jointly, nor have these factors been ranked to determine which environmental, economic, business, human relations, or behavioral factors actually have the greatest effect on sustainable entrepreneurship. Therefore, consistent with prior research, we studied factors that relate to the following areas: environment (sustainability, social awareness, policies, and environmental regulations), behavior (motivation, altruism, compassion, empathy, ethics, cognition, self-regulation, self-efficacy, and competitive intelligence), human relations (reputation, congruence, and leadership), and business dynamics (profits, job satisfaction, business management, and access to subsidies). The empirical study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a qualitative analysis technique that draws on the views of experts (in this case, experts in entrepreneurship). This method is based on a hierarchical design and on the evaluation of the primary factors that, according to the empirical evidence, influence sustainable entrepreneurship. The AHP technique is “a theory of measurement through pairwise comparisons and relies on the judgments of experts to derive priority scales” [18]. This study was based on a small sample, which limits the generalization of our findings. However, the AHP-based approach used in this study is a subjective method that enables the collection and analysis of data from small groups of experts [19]. 2. Conceptual Framework: Factors That Foster Sustainable Entrepreneurship 2.1. Environmental and Business Factors Prior research establishes a comprehensive perspective of organizational sustainability that covers three dimensions: economic prosperity, environmental integrity, and social sustainability [5,20]. Economic prosperity refers to both financial strength and the existence of differentiation through various pathways (e.g., price, high-quality products, and services). Environmental integrity refers to environmental protection, which is necessary to safeguard the environment and protect the needs of future generations. Finally, social sustainability alludes to the processes that ensure the social health and wellbeing of the members of an organization [5]. Thus, sustainable entrepreneurship is a multidimensional concept that encompasses economic factors (profits and product competitiveness), factors related to the preservation of the environment and surroundings, and social factors, which refer to the protection of people’s health and wellbeing. At the same time, through its goal of improving the environment and advancing social wellbeing, sustainable entrepreneurship can also effect structural social transformations and promote sustainable technologies associated with these sustainable initiatives [4]. These outcomes have been reported in, for example, Spain [21], Finland and Germany [22], and the US [4]. Sustainable entrepreneurship can thus provide a social and economic solution for transforming and steering entrepreneurial initiatives toward sustainability. This reflects the importance of sustainable entrepreneurship and the need to identify the factors that encourage sustainable entrepreneurship. Patzelt and Shephard’s model [6] complements this conceptualization of sustainable entrepreneurship. The model posits that knowledge and motivation foster entrepreneurship to yield personal benefits and provide altruistic benefits to others. For entrepreneurs to do so, they require prior knowledge of the market, the way it works, the problems derived from organizational dynamics, customers, and so forth. Thus, entrepreneurship and sustainability aim to use human and natural resources to improve service quality for as long as possible. This process provides personal satisfaction that encourages the


and enthusiasm). These positive emotions help individuals recover from setbacks by steering the venture along a more successful path and redoubling their efforts [34]. Emotional intelligence and emotional self-regulation are also present in this context. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to control one’s own emotions, differentiate them from the emotions of others, and use information to shape one’s thinking and actions [35]. Thus, emotional intelligence is associated with entrepreneurial creativity and vision, the mission of the business organization, and entrepreneurial innovation [36]. Emotional self-regulation refers to the processes whereby people manage their emotional states. Through these processes, people can influence which emotions they experience, how and when they experience them, and how they express them [37]. Scholars have shown the importance of emotional self-regulation in entrepreneurial processes, in which entrepreneurs must react to a series of setbacks that can potentially prove off-putting [38]. 3. The Present Study In light of previous findings regarding the connection between behavioral and human relations factors [18], we placed these factors into a single group. Behavioral factors consisted of metacognition, motivation, and lifestyle. Metacognition is defined as the capacity to reflect upon one’s thought processes and the way in which one learns [39]. Metacognition consists of emotional self-regulation, which is a process whereby people manage their positive or negative emotional state (e.g., happiness, anger, or fear) [37]; self-efficacy, which is the belief in one’s ability to perform entrepreneurial tasks [14,16]; and competitive intelligence, which helps the organization establish itself in the market, increase competitiveness, and take ethical actions [17]. Competitive intelligence was considered because an organization requires this ability to proactively decode competitive forces to grow sustainably [40]. Motivation is defined as the motives that encourage a person to act or do something, increasing the drive to achieve specific goals [41]. Motivation consists of several kinds of motivation. Prosocial motivation and values reflect the desire to help, favor, and connect with others [42]. Intrinsic motivation refers to the psychological processes that drive action or the internal desire to strive to achieve one’s goals [15]. Extrinsic motivation is the desire to devote one’s efforts to achieving outcomes that are external to work tasks themselves (e.g., reward or recognition). Flow is the state in which people are completely absorbed in their work and receive intense enjoyment from it [29,43]. Finally, lifestyle refers to the manner in which an individual understands and lives his or her life. Lifestyle consists of altruism, which refers to concern for others (as opposed to selfishness) and the tendency to seek the best outcome for others [44]; compassion, which is both the feeling of sadness that arises when another suffers, driving people to alleviate this pain, and the emotional bond that ties an individual to a community [45]; empathy toward sustainability, which is the ability to establish an emotional bond with a group of people and the environment [5]; and ethics, which is the set of values, rules, and customs that govern the behavior of individuals within a community [23]. Human relations factors concern the channels though which people relate to one another. Human relations span the relationships between individuals who are close to the entrepreneur and individuals in the broader context of society. Human relations factors refer to developing a good reputation among others who are close to the entrepreneur and among people in general; ensuring congruence between business goals and building trustful relationships with workers; and combining individual and shared leadership. This form of leadership is considered an interactive process. The leader individually motivates others by effectively carrying out tasks, while combining this form of leadership with an interactive, dynamic process whereby people encourage one another to achieve group and organizational goals, which can inspire members to act entrepreneurially [16,28]. The goal of this study was to identify the factors that help entrepreneurs manage their entrepreneurial ventures in a sustainable manner. As discussed earlier, research on this topic has typically analyzed economic, business, and social factors separately from human relations and behavioral factors driving sustainable entrepreneurship [5–7]. To reconcile these two approaches, we studied factors that relate to the following areas: the environment (sustainability, social awareness
























Yorumlar

Bu blogdaki popüler yayınlar

Continuous Integration with Visual C++ and COM

  William E. Caputo ThoughtWorks Oren Miller ThoughtWorks July 2002 The Continuous Integration principles are applicable in many different development environments. While the principles remain largely unchanged from project to project, the implementation of this practice can vary considerably. Variables such as language, platform, team size & team location provide unique implementation challenges. Here we will outline how we've implemented CI in a COM/Windows environment for a project developing primarily in Visual C++. The More Often the Better What Is a Successful Build? Single Source Point Building the Code Self-Testing Code Automated Build Dependency Management What We Could Have Done Better Summing up The More Often the Better As noted in the main article, one of the least intuitive notions about integration is that less often does not result in less difficulty, it results in more difficulty. This is especially true when developing with C++. The build time on a development...

Rotation

  Rotation I've spent a lot of time of the last year wandering around ThoughtWorks, talking to lots of people on lots of projects. One message that's come home really firmly to me is the value of rotation. We practice rotation in lots of ways. One of the most notable is rotating around countries. We've put in a deliberate program to encourage people to spend 6-18 months in a different country. Living a good length of time in a different country does a huge amount to widen people's perspective of the world. I've benefitted personally from living both in the UK and USA, even though they are very similar cultures. This mental expansion is even greater for those that spend time in somewhere like India, where the cultural differences are greater. Geographic rotation presents lots of challanges, particular for older people with familes. One of the things we need to figure out is how to make geographic rotation easier for people, so more people do it. Already there's a...

Business Capability Centric

 Business Capability Centric A business-capability centric team is one whose work is aligned long-term to a certain area of the business. The team lives as long as the said business-capability is relevant to the business. This is in contrast to project teams that only last as long as it takes to deliver project scope. For example, an e-commerce business has capabilities such as buying and merchandising, catalog, marketing, order management, fulfilment and customer service. An insurance business has capabilities such as policy administration, claims administration, and new business. A telecom business has capabilities such as network management, service provisioning and assurance, billing, and revenue management. They may be further divided into fine-grained capabilities so that they can be owned by teams of manageable size. Business-capability centric teams are “think-it, build-it and run-it” teams. They do not hand over to other teams for testing, deploying or supporting what they...